How to Prevent SSL Cookie Hijacking & Mobile MitM Attacks
Learn to Prevent Cookie Hijacking in Mobile apps, in mobile CI/CD with a Data-Driven DevSecOps™ build system.
What is Cookie Hijacking?
SSL or HTTP cookies are small packets of data stored in your app or browser which are used to facilitate accessing websites or logging into remote services (such as a mobile bank account). Cookies usually contain sensitive data like passwords or user information and is therefore vulnerable to attacks. Cookie hijacking is an attack method used by hackers to access cookies that belong to legitimate mobile users, usually for purposes of impersonating the user, accessing their account, conducting account takeovers (ATO), intercepting communications sessions, or other malicious reasons.
When cookies are generated, they can only be viewed by you – the site owner. No other website can view your cookies. But these cookies travel across the internet. They are used by ad services and analytics services. So these cookies bounce around from server to server all across the globe. If the connection is not secure, a hacker can easily intercept or access the cookies as part of a mobile man-in-the-middle (MitM attack).
One of the most common ways hackers steal cookies is if they are using the same wifi as you. This kind of wifi hacking is called man-in-the-middle attacks and can take place only if both are connected to the same wireless network. This can also happen to users within the same computer networks.
Why Prevent Cookie Hijacking in Mobile Apps?
Hijacking cookies is just as powerful (sometimes moreso) as stealing a user’s password. It’s possible that with cookie hijacking, hackers can gain unlimited access to all of your resources. For example, an attacker may steal your identity or confidential company data; purchase items; or steal from your bank account.
A cookie attack is often initiated when an attacker sends a user a fake login. The victim clicks the fake link, which lets the attacker steal the cookie – actually, anything the user types in can be captured by the attacker. The attacker then puts that cookie in their browser and is able to impersonate the legitimate user.
Sometimes, a fake link isn’t even needed. If a user is in a session on an unsecured, public Wi-Fi connection, hackers can easily steal that data that’s traveling through the connection. And this can happen even if the site is secure and your username and password are encrypted.
Appdome detects, prohibits, and protects app connections against cookie hijacking by validating the server SSL certificate chain’s authenticity and providing authenticity proof to the server on behalf of the client.
Preventing Cookie Hijacking on Mobile apps by Using Appdome
On Appdome, follow these simple steps to create self-defending Mobile Apps that Prevent Cookie Hijacking without an SDK or gateway:
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Upload the Mobile App to Appdome.
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Upload an app to Appdome’s Mobile App Security Build System
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Upload Method: Appdome Console or DEV-API
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Mobile App Formats: .ipa For iOS device or .apk or .aab
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Build the feature: Prevent Cookie Hijacking.
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Building Prevent Cookie Hijacking by using Appdome’s DEV-API:
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Create and name the Fusion Set (security template) that will contain the Prevent Cookie Hijacking feature as shown below:
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Follow the steps in Sections 2.2.1-2.2.2 of this article, Building the Prevent Cookie Hijacking feature via Appdome Console, to add the Prevent Cookie Hijacking feature to this Fusion Set.
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Open the Fusion Set Detail Summary by clicking the “...” symbol on the far-right corner of the Fusion Set, as shown in Figure 1 above, and get the Fusion Set ID from the Fusion Set Detail Summary (as shown below):
Figure 2: Fusion Set Detail Summary
Note: Annotating the Fusion Set to identify the protection(s) selected is optional only (not mandatory). -
Follow the instructions below to use the Fusion Set ID inside any standard mobile DevOps or CI/CD toolkit like Bitrise, App Center, Jenkins, Travis, Team City, Cirlce CI or other system:
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Build an API for the app – for instructions, see the tasks under Appdome API Reference Guide
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Look for sample APIs in Appdome’s GitHub Repository
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Figure 1: Fusion Set that will contain the Prevent Cookie Hijacking feature
Note: Naming the Fusion Set to correspond to the protection(s) selected is for illustration purposes only (not required). -
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Building the Prevent Cookie Hijacking feature via Appdome Console
To build the Prevent Cookie Hijacking protection by using Appdome Console, follow the instructions below.
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Where: Inside the Appdome Console, go to Build > Security Tab > Secure Communication section
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How: Check whether MiTM Prevention is toggled On (enabled), otherwise enable it . You can see that the feature Prevent Cookie Hijacking is enabled by default, as shown below.
Figure 3: Prevent Cookie Hijacking option
Note: The App Compromise Notification contains an easy to follow default remediation path for the mobile app end user. You can customize this message as required to achieve brand specific support, workflow or other messaging. -
When you enable MiTM Prevention you'll notice that your Fusion Set you created in step 2.1.1 now bears the icon of the protection category that contains Prevent Cookie Hijacking
Figure 4: Fusion Set that displays the newly added Prevent Cookie Hijacking protection
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Select the Threat-Event™ in-app mobile Threat Defense and Intelligence policy for Prevent Cookie Hijacking:
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Threat-Events™ OFF > In-App Defense
If the Threat-Events™ setting is cleared (not selected). Appdome will detect and defend the user and app by enforcing Prevent Cookie Hijacking.
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Threat-Events™ ON > In-App Detection
When this setting is used, Appdome detects a cookie hijacking attempt and passes Appdome’s Threat-Event™ attack intelligence to the app’s business logic for processing, enforcement, and user notification. For more information on consuming and using Appdome Threat-Events™ in the app, see section Using Threat-Events™ for Prevent Cookie Hijacking Intelligence and Control in Mobile Apps.
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Threat-Events™ ON > In-App Defense
When this setting is used, Appdome detects and defends against Cookie Hijacking (same as Appdome Enforce) and passes Appdome’s Threat-Event™ attack intelligence the app’s business logic for processing. For more information on consuming and using Appdome Threat-Events™ in the app, see section Using Threat-Events™ for Prevent Cookie Hijacking Intelligence and Control in Mobile Apps.
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Click Build My App at the bottom of the Build Workflow (shown in Figure 3).
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Congratulations! The Prevent Cookie Hijacking protection is now added to the mobile app -
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Certify the Prevent Cookie Hijacking feature in Mobile Apps.
After building Prevent Cookie Hijacking, Appdome generates a Certified Secure™ certificate to guarantee that the Prevent Cookie Hijacking protection has been added and is protecting the app. To verify that the Prevent Cookie Hijacking protection has been added to the mobile app, locate the protection in the Certified Secure™ certificate as shown below:
Figure 5: Certified Secure™ certificate
Each Certified Secure™ certificate provides DevOps and DevSecOps organizations the entire workflow summary, audit trail of each build, and proof of protection that Prevent Cookie Hijacking has been added to each Mobile app. Certified Secure provides instant and in-line DevSecOps compliance certification that Prevent Cookie Hijacking and other mobile app security features are in each build of the mobile app
Using Threat-Events™ for Cookie Hijacking Intelligence and Control in Mobile Apps
Appdome Threat-Events™ provides consumable in-app mobile app attack intelligence and defense control when Cookie Hijacking is detected. To consume and use Threat-Events™ for Cookie Hijacking in Mobile Apps, use AddObserverForName in Notification Center, and the code samples for Threat-Events™ for Cookie Hijacking shown below.
The specifications and options for Threat-Events™ for Cookie Hijacking are:
Threat-Event™ Elements | Prevent Cookie Hijacking Method Detail |
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Appdome Feature Name | Prevent Cookie Hijacking |
Threat-Event Mode | |
OFF, IN-APP DEFENSE | Appdome detects, defends and notifies user (standard OS dialog) using customizable messaging. |
ON, IN-APP DETECTION | Appdome detects the attack or threat and passes the event in a standard format to the app for processing (app chooses how and when to enforce). |
ON, IN-APP DEFENSE | Uses Appdome Enforce mode for any attack or threat and passes the event in a standard format to the app for processing (gather intel on attacks and threats without losing any protection). |
Certified Secure™ Threat Event Check | |
Visible in ThreatScope™ | |
Developer Parameters for Preventing Cookie Hijacking Threat-Event™ | |
Threat-Event NAME | SslCertificateValidationFailed |
Threat-Event DATA | reasonData |
Threat-Event CODE | reasonCode |
Threat-Event REF | 6500 |
Threat-Event SCORE | |
currentThreatEventScore | Current Threat-Event score |
threatEventsScore | Total Threat-events score |
Threat-Event Context Keys | |
message | Message displayed for the user on event |
externalID | The external ID of the event which can be listened via Threat Events |
osVersion | OS version of the current device |
deviceModel | Current device model |
deviceManufacturer | The manufacturer of the current device |
fusedAppToken | The task ID of the Appdome fusion of the currently running app |
kernelInfo | Info about the kernel: system name, node name, release, version and machine. |
carrierPlmn | PLMN of the device |
deviceID | Current device ID |
reasonCode | Reason code of the occured event |
buildDate | Appdome fusion date of the current application |
devicePlatform | OS name of the current device |
carrierName | Carrier name of the current device |
updatedOSVersion | Is the OS version up to date |
deviceBrand | Brand of the device |
deviceBoard | Board of the device |
buildUser | Build user |
buildHost | Build host |
sdkVersion | Sdk version |
timeZone | Time zone |
deviceFaceDown | Is the device face down |
locationLong | Location long |
locationLat | Location lat |
locationState | Location state |
wifiSsid | Wifi SSID |
wifiSsidPermissionStatus | Wifi SSID permission status |
host | Failed host |
DeveventDetailedErrorMessage | Error message |
extendedMessageText | Extended message |
certificateCN | Certificate common name |
certificateSHA1 | Certificate SHA1 |
With Threat-Events™ enabled (turned ON), Mobile developers can get detailed attack intelligence and granular defense control in Mobile applications and create amazing user experiences for all mobile end users when Cookie Hijacking is detected.
The following is a code sample for native Mobile apps, which uses all values in the specification above for Prevent Cookie Hijacking:
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction("SslCertificateValidationFailed");
registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String message = intent.getStringExtra("message"); // Message shown to the user
String reasonData = intent.getStringExtra("reasonData"); // Threat detection cause
String reasonCode = intent.getStringExtra("reasonCode"); // Event reason code
String currentThreatEventScore = intent.getStringExtra("currentThreatEventScore"); // Current threat event score
String threatEventsScore = intent.getStringExtra("threatEventsScore"); // Total threat events score
String variable = intent.getStringExtra("<Context Key>"); // Any other event specific context key
// Your logic goes here (Send data to Splunk/Dynatrace/Show Popup...)
}
}, intentFilter);
val intentFilter = IntentFilter()
intentFilter.addAction("SslCertificateValidationFailed")
registerReceiver(object : BroadcastReceiver() {
override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {
var message = intent.getStringExtra("message") // Message shown to the user
var reasonData = intent.getStringExtra("reasonData") // Threat detection cause
var reasonCode = intent.getStringExtra("reasonCode") // Event reason code
var currentThreatEventScore = intent.getStringExtra("currentThreatEventScore") // Current threat event score
var threatEventsScore = intent.getStringExtra("threatEventsScore") // Total threat events score
var variable = intent.getStringExtra("<Context Key>") // Any other event specific context key
// Your logic goes here (Send data to Splunk/Dynatrace/Show Popup...)
}
}, intentFilter)
let center = NotificationCenter.default
center.addObserver(forName: Notification.Name("SslCertificateValidationFailed"), object: nil, queue: nil) { (note) in
guard let usrInf = note.userInfo else {
return
}
let message = usrInf["message"]; // Message shown to the user
let reasonData = usrInf["reasonData"]; // Threat detection cause
let reasonCode = usrInf["reasonCode"]; // Event reason code
let currentThreatEventScore = usrInf["currentThreatEventScore"]; // Current threat event score
let threatEventsScore = usrInf["threatEventsScore"]; // Total threat events score
let variable = usrInf["<Context Key>"]; // Any other event specific context key
// Your logic goes here (Send data to Splunk/Dynatrace/Show Popup...)
}
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName: @"SslCertificateValidationFailed" object:nil queue:nil usingBlock:^(NSNotification *org_note) {
__block NSNotification *note = org_note;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void) {
var threatEventsScore = intent.getStringExtra("threatEventsScore")
NSString *message = [[note userInfo] objectForKey:@"message"]; // Message shown to the user
NSString *reasonData = [[note userInfo] objectForKey:@"reasonData"]; // Threat detection cause
NSString *reasonCode = [[note userInfo] objectForKey:@"reasonCode"]; // Event reason code
NSString *currentThreatEventScore = [[note userInfo] objectForKey:@"currentThreatEventScore"]; // Current threat event score
NSString *threatEventsScore = [[note userInfo] objectForKey:@"threatEventsScore"]; // Total threat events score
NSString *variable = [[note userInfo] objectForKey:@"<Context Key>"]; // Any other event specific context key
// Your logic goes here (Send data to Splunk/Dynatrace/Show Popup...)
});
}];
const { ADDevEvents } = NativeModules;
const aDDevEvents = new NativeEventEmitter(ADDevEvents);
function registerToDevEvent(action, callback) {
NativeModules.ADDevEvents.registerForDevEvent(action);
aDDevEvents.addListener(action, callback);
}
export function registerToAllEvents() {
registerToDevEvent(
"SslCertificateValidationFailed",
(userinfo) => Alert.alert(JSON.stringify(userinfo))
var message = userinfo["message"] // Message shown to the user
var reasonData = userinfo["reasonData"] // Threat detection cause
var reasonCode = userinfo["reasonCode"] // Event reason code
var currentThreatEventScore = userinfo["currentThreatEventScore"] // Current threat event score
var threatEventsScore = userinfo["threatEventsScore"] // Total threat events score
var variable = userinfo["<Context Key>"] // Any other event specific context key
// Your logic goes here (Send data to Splunk/Dynatrace/Show Popup...)
);
}
RegisterReceiver(new ThreatEventReceiver(), new IntentFilter("SslCertificateValidationFailed"));
class ThreatEventReceiver : BroadcastReceiver
{
public override void OnReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
{
String message = intent.getStringExtra("message"); // Message shown to the user
String reasonData = intent.getStringExtra("reasonData"); // Threat detection cause
String reasonCode = intent.getStringExtra("reasonCode"); // Event reason code
String currentThreatEventScore = intent.getStringExtra("currentThreatEventScore"); // Current threat event score
String threatEventsScore = intent.getStringExtra("threatEventsScore"); // Total threat events score
String variable = intent.getStringExtra("<Context Key>"); // Any other event specific context key
// Your logic goes here (Send data to Splunk/Dynatrace/Show Popup...)
}
}
window.broadcaster.addEventListener("SslCertificateValidationFailed", function(userInfo) {
var message = userInfo.message // Message shown to the user
var reasonData = userInfo.reasonData // Threat detection cause
var reasonCode = userInfo.reasonCode // Event reason code
var currentThreatEventScore = userInfo.currentThreatEventScore // Current threat event score
var threatEventsScore = userInfo.threatEventsScore // Total threat events score
var variable = userInfo.<Context Key> // Any other event specific context key
// Your logic goes here (Send data to Splunk/Dynatrace/Show Popup...)
});
Prerequisites to Using Prevent Cookie Hijacking:
To use Appdome’s mobile app security build system to Prevent Cookie Hijacking , you’ll need:
- Appdome account (create a free Appdome account here)
- A license for Prevent Cookie Hijacking
- Mobile App (.ipa For iOS device or .apk or .aab For Mobile)
- Signing Credentials (see Signing Secure Android apps and Signing Secure iOS apps)
Using Appdome, there are no development or coding prerequisites to build secured Mobile Apps by using Prevent Cookie Hijacking. There is no SDK and no library to code or implement in the app and no gateway to deploy in your network. All protections are built into each app and the resulting app is self-defending and self-protecting.
Releasing and Publishing Mobile Apps with Prevent Cookie Hijacking
After successfully securing your app by using Appdome, there are several available options to complete your project, depending on your app lifecycle or workflow. These include:
- Customizing, Configuring & Branding Secure Mobile Apps
- Deploying/Publishing Secure mobile apps to Public or Private app stores
- Releasing Secured Android & iOS Apps built on Appdome.
All apps protected by Appdome are fully compatible with any public app store, including Apple App Store, Google Play, Huawei App Gallery and more.
Features Similar to Prevent Cookie Hijacking
Here are a few related resources:
Check out this article on MiTM attack prevention
To Zoom out on this topic, check out these resources.
If you have any questions, please send them our way at support.appdome.com or via the chat window on the Appdome platform.
Thank you!
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